Portnoys Complaint By Philip Roth Essays - Films, Portnoys Complaint

Portnoy's Complaint by Philip Roth Portnoy's Complaint was Philip Roth's third novel. It was a story about a young man's search for freedom using forbidden sex as his way of escape. This book was found by many readers to be offensive and pornographic because of its protagonist's use of obscene language and sex scenes. The story records the intimate confessions of Alexander Portnoy to his psychiatrist. Portnoy goes through his adolescent obsession with masturbation and his relationship with his over possessive mother, Sophie. Portnoy's ?complaint? refers to the damage done to him by the culture that has shaped him; although he is successful, his achievements are marred by a nagging sense of guilt. He finds himself on Dr. Speilvogel's couch trying to determine how and why he has become a sexual and moral obsessive in the hopes of being cured, or at least a little less obsessed with various bodily liquids and all orifices. Instead, Portnoy's narrative of his past becomes the case history that serves as the evidential bas is of a medical diagnosis. Speilvogel discovers Portnoy's Complaint, and by doing so, he has thereby authoritatively reduced Portnoy's experiences into a category of neurosis. Speilvogel simply rewrites Portnoy's wild, comic rantings into a ?disorder in which strongly-felt ethical and altruistic impulses are perpetually warring with extreme sexual longings, often of perverse nature. Portnoy's approach to experience is often ironic and has the effect of a stand-up comedian's patter. Jewish family and its values are held up to ridicule, and particular criticism has been leveled to Roth's presentation of the Jewish mother. Roth's novel, Portnoy's Complaint, is the story of Alex Portnoy, a Jewish male with an oppressive, ?castrating? mother. As a boy, young Alex Portnoy nearly suffocates from parental expectations that he be the smartest, neatest, and best-behaved little boy in his school. His melodramatic mother, aspiring to impress gentile America with her perfect offspring, over-supervises him and turns minor infractions into operatic disappointments. At times, for frustrating her, he is locked out of his home. Portnoy, in his adolescence, rebels against her mostly by indulging in acts of which she does not approve. Obscenity and masturbation become the primary ways in which Portnoy asserts his freedom. As he grows older, these forms of rebellion persist. Often his transgressions turn to guilt: ?Why must the least deviation from respectable convention cause me such inner hell When I know better than the taboos!? (Roth, 124). Most of the times, however, he seems to find it is surprisingly easy to transgress; the only obstacle to freedom is his hesitation. After being treated to his first lobster dinner by his sister's boyfriend, Portnoy is tempted to masturbate on the darkened bus back to New Jersey with a gentile girl sitting beside him. The adult Portnoy, on second thoughts, speculates that being encouraged to violate the Jewish dietary code also prompted him to take a sexual risk: ? The taboo so easily and simply broken, confidence may have been given to the whole slimy suicidal Dionysian side of my nature; the lesson may have been learned that to break the law, all you have to do is- just go ahead and break it!? Stop trembling and quaking and finding it unimaginable and beyond yo u: all you have to do is do it!? (Roth, 79). Not wanting to feel ?obedient and helpless? (Roth, 73) also impels Portnoy to challenge the mainstream culture. And here as well, his rebellion manifests itself sexually and revolves around his exclusive interest in Christian girls. If sex is exciting for Portnoy when it is secretive and ?bad?- the antithesis of the moral goodness imbued in Alex by his parents- sex with a ?shikse?, is twice as arousing. It violates not only the Jewish community's expectations that he marry a Jew, but it also imposes his dirty will on the clean blond daughters of the gentile middle class; it asserts his arrival in the mainstream and his full entitlement as a male American. ?I don't seem to stick my dick up these girls, as much as I stick it up their backgrounds- as though through fucking I will discover America. Conquer America- maybe that's more like it? (Roth, 235). His speech is littered with obscenity

APA Thesis

APA Thesis APA Thesis APA ThesisIf you have an assignment to write an APA thesis, you should start with conducting a sufficient research. APA thesis writing is not easy, especially if you have no research skills while the assignment deadline is approaching very quickly. This article is written with the purpose to give you several tips on APA thesis formatting. APA Thesis TipsAPA thesis must be composed in Standard American English, and papers set up as 8 x 11 documents, double-spaced, in 12-point type legible font (such as Times New Roman, Arial, or Georgia), or in 10- or 11-point legible font (such as Verdana) with 1-inch margins. Thesis should to be formatted in APA style (see A Writers Reference, APA/CMS tab) and apastyle.org/ (This site is devoted to APA Style and includes free style tips and excerpts from the 5th edition of the APA Publication Manual). Some other helpful links are: APA Formatting and Style Guide (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/) and APA Overview and Works hop (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/664/01/) Sources are to be noted and documented in APA style only, using parenthetical references, and verified in an accurate Reference page. Do not use MLA or End Note style! Final thesis that is not correctly documented with an accurate Reference page, and with parenthetical references within the paper that connect to sources on the Reference page will receive a failing grade. Use only the third person (he/she/it and they) in all writing assignments for this class. Follow the specific Resource for all other class writing assignments. First voice (I/we) and second voice (you) is not used in academic writing. Exceptions are when first or second voice is part of a quote or necessary dialogue. This link may provide more information on the subject: Using Appropriate Language Use an appropriate formal style and voice for academic writing. Contractions (cant, isnt, wont, etc.) may work in less formal non-academic pieces, but are not acceptable in academic writing. This link may prove helpful: Using Appropriate Language (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/608/01/) Thesis writer should avoid most errors in grammar and mechanics (spelling, punctuation, etc.). It is suggested that writers review any grammar/correction/mechanics weaknesses in the text A Writers Reference and the accompanying exercise book before and during the proof-reading/editing of a thesis. A final essay with more than three errors on a page will be limited to a grade of C or less. Writers should proofread all writing carefully before turning in an assignment of any kind. Writers are encouraged to review all stages of the writing with computer spelling and grammar check. APA Thesis: Final NotesResearch and note-taking are integral absolutes of academic writing. No matter how knowledgeable you think you are about a subject, your thesis will benefit from your reading and applying information from other credible sources . This is a very important pre-writing/planning part of the Writing Process. Research and responsible documentation crediting the research in your thesis are essential to academic writing. You should not turn in a Final Copy of an Essay for any class unless you have applied research to the subject matter/contents, cited the research correctly (APA Style) in your thesis, and included a Reference page (APA Style) that lists all sources that were used (and cited) in the thesis.

Market Regulation in the EU Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Market Regulation in the EU - Essay Example 11 c. Specific and sectoral or vertical industrial policy in the EU †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 IV. Analysing the challenges associated with formulating EU industrial policy ................................................ 17 V. Conclusion and recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 19 Endnotes ............................................................................................. 21 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 24 Introduction According to Foreman-Peck and Federico (1999, pp. 2-3), industrial policy is â€Å"an elusive concept which aims to cover almost everything that affects the performance of an industry†.1 Considering the importance of European Union (EU) industrial policy in terms of promot ing business growth in the industry sector, EU industrial policy was included under the EC Treaty (Title XVI) of the Treaty on European Union (TEU).2 Given that industrial policy can be used in hastening structural changes in industry, this device is often used in influencing the structure of the industry. Prior to the development of industrial policy, the European Commission’s first report in the 1990s revealed that the European Parliament was debating how to formulate a clearly-defined industrial policy which could improve the global competitiveness of the EU members.3 To prevent cases of de-industrialization, the main purpose of creating an industrial policy in the EU was to ensure that there is a common policy framework to be used in promoting fair market competition among the industrial sector.4 In other words, EU industrial policy is not limited to preventing cases of de-industrialization but also covers cases of red tape or corruption on the part of the government offi cials who are directly involved in the allocation of the available infrastructure budget. The EU is complex in the sense that it is composed of 27 different countries across the European continent. In line with this, the Central Intelligence Agency (2011) has identified the 27 members of the European Union as follows: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the UK. Free market competition among the EU member states and the free movement of goods and services are among the few goals associated with the development of industrial policy in the European Union.5 Considering the large number of EU member states, the challenge behind the formulation of industrial policy in the EU includes the limitation of the available industrial policy in preventing instances of market distortion and m arket discrimination among the EU countries. Given the complexity of the political and economic structure of the EU, this paper will focus on determining and critically assessing the main challenges associated with the formulation of EU industrial policy. As well as discussing the scope and limitations of industry policy in Europe, the inter-state and inter-regional markets within the EU will be tackled as part of the discussion of the significance of the framework aspect. Likewise, this paper will also analyse and discuss issues regarding the development of specific and sectoral industrial policies and issues related to horizontal industry. The scope and limit